Protocols
What studies used for one goal, or for one group of people: the dose, the timing and what they found.
Each protocol describes what studies used, for one goal or for one group of people. It is not advice for you: talk to a doctor before you start a supplement.
Protocols by supplement
Each one is a way to take one supplement for one goal, as studies did.
Calcium4 protocols
- Calcium for blood pressureWhat trials of more calcium used in people with normal blood pressure, and how small the drop was.
- Calcium for bonesWhat trials of calcium used to protect the bones of older adults, and how small the effect on fractures was.
- Calcium for pre-eclampsiaWhat trials of calcium in pregnancy used to prevent pre-eclampsia, and why newer reviews found a smaller effect.
- Calcium for premenstrual syndromeWhat trials of calcium used to ease premenstrual symptoms, and how strong the evidence is.
Collagen3 protocols
- Collagen for joint painTo ease knee pain and stiffness from osteoarthritis, as trials of daily collagen found.
- Collagen for skinTo improve skin hydration, elasticity and wrinkles, as some trials of collagen peptides found.
- Collagen with strength trainingTo add muscle and strength during strength training, as trials of collagen peptides found.
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)2 protocols
Electrolytes3 protocols
- Electrolytes for dehydration from diarrheaTo replace the water and salts lost in diarrhea, as trials of oral rehydration solution did.
- Electrolytes for endurance exerciseTo keep up performance in exercise longer than 1 hour, as trials of carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks did.
- Electrolytes for rehydration after exerciseTo replace the fluid lost in sweat after hard exercise, as trials of electrolyte drinks did.
Fiber3 protocols
- Fiber for constipationWhat trials of fiber supplements used for chronic constipation, and what share of people responded.
- Fiber for high cholesterolWhat trials of soluble fiber used to lower LDL cholesterol, and how large the fall was.
- Fiber for irritable bowel syndromeWhat trials of soluble fiber used for overall irritable bowel symptoms, and why fiber can also add gas.
Fish oil4 protocols
- Fish oil for joint painWhat trials in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis used, and why the effect on joint pain looks small.
- Fish oil for the heartWhat large trials used to lower the risk of heart attacks and other cardiovascular events, and why their results differ.
- Fish oil for triglyceridesTo lower high triglycerides: the doses of EPA and DHA that trials used, and how much the blood level fell.
- Fish oil in pregnancyTo lower the risk of preterm birth: what trials gave pregnant women, from when, and who seems to benefit most.
Glutathione1 protocol
Hyaluronic acid2 protocols
Iodine2 protocols
Iron3 protocols
- Iron for exercise performanceWhat trials of iron used to improve exercise capacity in women and athletes with low iron.
- Iron for tirednessWhat trials of iron used for tiredness in people with low iron stores but no anemia.
- Iron in pregnancyWhat trials and WHO used to prevent anemia and iron deficiency in pregnancy.
Magnesium4 protocols
- Magnesium for blood pressureWhat trials of magnesium supplements used in adults, and how much blood pressure fell.
- Magnesium for migraine preventionWhat trials of oral magnesium used to prevent migraine attacks in adults.
- Magnesium for blood sugarWhat trials of magnesium used in people with diabetes or at high risk of it, and how blood sugar changed.
- Magnesium oxide for constipationWhat trials of magnesium oxide used in adults with chronic constipation, and how many improved.
Omega-3 fatty acids1 protocol
Potassium2 protocols
Prebiotics3 protocols
- Prebiotics for bloating and gasWhat trials used against bloating and gas. The evidence is small and mixed, and some prebiotics make gas worse.
- Prebiotics for blood markers of inflammationWhat trials used to lower blood markers of inflammation, mostly in adults with diabetes, overweight or metabolic syndrome.
- Prebiotics for constipationWhat studies used to raise stool frequency. Newer guidance is less positive, and inulin can increase gas.
Probiotics3 protocols
- Probiotics for coldsWhat trials used to lower the number and length of colds and other upper airway infections.
- Probiotics for diarrhea from antibioticsWhat trials used to lower the risk of diarrhea during antibiotics. Results depend on the strain and on age.
- Probiotics for IBSWhat trials tested for symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and why the certainty of the results is low.
Vitamin B122 protocols
Vitamin B92 protocols
Vitamin C2 protocols
Vitamin D2 protocols
Vitamin K2 protocols
Zinc4 protocols
- Zinc for blood sugarWhat trials of zinc used to lower blood sugar, and how much it changed.
- Zinc for coldsWhat trials of zinc lozenges used to make colds shorter.
- Zinc for macular degenerationWhat the AREDS trial used to slow age-related macular degeneration in people who already have it.
- Zinc for period painWhat trials of zinc used for period pain that has no other cause.